Narration of Assertive Sentences
Narration of Assertive Sentences
A. Changing from direct speech to indirect speech.
Rule : Remove comma and inverted comma and use 'that':
Example
Direct : He says, 'A dog is barking'
Indirect : He says that a dog is barking.
Try these 1:
1. I say, '' I am going to school.''
2. He says,'' The man is going''
3. He says, '' Mira is a good student.''
4. You say, '' The sun rises in the east.''
5. I say, '' The old man can not run fast.''
B. Change of pronoun:
Rule : The pronouns of the reported speech will change according to the subjects and object of the reporting verb:
Example
Direct : He says, ''I will go'.
Undirect : He says that he will go.
Try these 2 :
1. He says, '' I am a student.''
2. Ram says, '' I am 16 years old.''
3. Mira says, '' I am a student''
4. Sima says to me,'' You are my best friend''
5. Mira says to me, '' I am your friend''
6. She says, '' This is my book.''
7. Ram says to me, "You are my friend".
8. Ram says to me, "I am your friend".
9. She says to me, "I am your friend".
10. She says to me, 'You are my friend.'
11. She says, "My mother is a doctor."
12. They say, "It is our home."
13. Ram says to me, "You are my brother."
14. Mira says to Ram, "You are my brother."
C. Change of verb:
Rule : If the reporting verb is in past tense, the verb of the reported speech will change as follows:
From To
From | To |
Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite |
Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
Present Perfect | Past Pefect |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Indefinite | Past Perfect |
Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect | Past Perfect |
Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
am/is/are | was/were |
Was/were | had been |
Shall/will | should/would |
May | Might |
Can | Could |
should | Should |
Must | must/ had to |
Come | go |
i) Rule : If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the reported speech will change from simple present to simple past.
Example:
Direct : She said, 'I go to school.'
Indirect : She said that she went to school.
Try these 3:
1. She said, 'I go to Agartala'.
2. She said, ' I play everyday.'
3. Mother said, 'I cook rice'.
4. She said to me, ' You write nicely.'
5. You said to me, 'You draw very nicely.'
6. She said to me, 'You are my brother'.
7. Ram said to Mira, 'You speak very loudly.'
8. She said, 'I complete my homework everyday'.
ii) Rule : If the reported speech is eternal truth, the tense of the Reported Speech will not change:
Example
The teacher said, 'The earth moves round the sun'.
--- The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
Try these 4:
1. The boy said, 'An old man cannot run very fast.'
2. She said to me, 'Monday comes after Sunday.'
3. The preacher said, 'Bad action always brings sorrowful results'.
4. He said, 'A mango tree does not produce jackfruit.'
iii) Rule : From Present Continuous to Past Continuous.
He said, "I am going to school."
- He said that he was going to school.
Try these 5:
1. Ram said, " I am writing."
2. She said, "We are playing."
3. They said, "We are talking."
4. Mira said to Ram, " We are travelling."
5. She said, "He is reading."
iv) Rule : From Present Perfect to Past Perfect:
Example :
D- Mira said, " I have eaten".
I- Mira said that she had eaten.
Try these 6:
1. She said, "I have completed my homework".
2. She said to me, " You have scolded me."
3. Ram said to me, " I have done this."
4. Ravi said to Sima, " You have worked hard."
5. They said, "We have had a picnic."
v) Rule : From Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
D- He said, " I have been living in the village for ten years."
I - He said hat he had been living in the village for ten years.
Try these 7:
1. She said, " It has been raining since morning".
2. The said, " We have been living in the town since 2001."
3. Rani said to me," You have been studying in class six for ten months."
4. She said to him, " You have been working for five hours.
5. They said, " We have been reading since morning."
vi) Rule : From simple past to past perfect.
Example:
D- She said, 'I went to school'.
I- She said that she had gone to school.
Try these 8:
1. She said, 'I cooked rice.'
2. He said, 'I drew a picture.'
3. Anima said, 'I wrote a letter'.
4. Rahim said, 'I ate rice.'
5. Gourab said, I saw a bird in the hill.'
6. Ravi said to her, 'You told me story.'
7. He said me, 'You scolded me.'
8. Sima said to me, 'You gave me a prize.'
vi) Rule : Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous.
Example
D- He said,"We were playing"
I - He said that They had been playing.
Try these 9:
1. I said, " I was running."
2. She said, " I was writing a letter."
3. He said to me, "You were playing."
4. My father said, " It was raining."
5. She said, " We were working."
vii) Rule : From Past Perfect to Past Perfect.
Example
D - She said, " I had eaten."
I- She said that she had eaten.
Try these 10:
1. Mira said, " I had completed my homework."
2. Ram said to me, "I had gone to Agartala."
3. Mira said to me, "You had sung a song."
4. Sima said to Mira, " We had gone to the zoo."
5. My mother said to me, "You had finished your bathing."
vii) Rule : From Past Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous.
Example
D- My mother said, " We had been living in that village for ten years."
I - My mother said that we had been living in that village for ten years.
Try these 11:
1. She said, "We had been working for three hours."
2. They said, "We had been reading since morning."
3. She said to me, "We had been walking for a long time."
4. I said, "It had been raining since morning."
vii) For future tense
Rule
Shall/ will --- >>> should/ would
Example :
D - She said, "I shall go Agartala."
I - She said that she would go to Agartala..
Try these 12 :
1. He said, " I shall go to school."
2. They said to me, "You will go there."
3. My mother said to me, "I shall cook."
4. My father said to me," I shall go to market."
5. I said to her, " I shall read at night."
viii) Rule :
Can >>> could
must >>> must/ had to
is/am/are >>> was/were
has/have >>> had
was / were >>> had been
Example
D - She said, "I can sing."
I - She said that she could sing.
Try these 13 :
1. She said, " I can climb the tree."
2. I said, " I can swim across the river."
3. They said, " We must go now."
4. She said to me, "I must comolete my homework."
5. She said to me, " You must complete your homework."
6. My father said to me, "You must read everyday."
7. She said to you, "You are very clever."
8. He said me, "You are a fool."
9. They said to me, "We have a house there."
10. Ram said to me, "Mira has a fine pen."
11. Ram said to me, "I was a good student."
viii) Miscellaneous:
Example
D - He said,'' I am going'.
I - He said that he was going.
Try these 14:
1. Ram said to Mira, '' You are going to school.''
2. Deb said to Ajoy, ''You are my best friend.''
3. She said to me, '' I shall forget it.''
4. Sima said to him, '' You are very cruel.''
5. She said to me, ''I go to school.''
6. Mira said to me, '' I am working''
7. She said to him, '' You shoud play everyday''
8. My mother said to me, '' You must complete your homework.''
9. You said, '' I have a car''.
10. She said, ''The sun rises in the east.''
11. The teacher said, '' The moon moves round the earth.''
12. The person said, ''An old man can not run fast.''
13. She said to me,''You have stolen my purse.''
14. Ram said to me, '' You were playing then.''
15. They said,''You did this.''
16. My brother said to me,'' You shoud play everyday.''
17. My teacher said,'' You must read everyday.''
18. He said,''I shall go home.''
19. Mira said,''You are my brother.''
20. Ram said to Mira, '' You scolded me.''
21. I said,''You were playing''
22. He said to me, ''I went to Agartala.''
23. Mohan said to Amrit, '' I shall go.''
24. They said,''We shall go.''
G. Change of adverbial
Rule :
Now > then
This > that
Here > there
Today > that day
Tomorrow > the next day
Yesterday > the day before
Example
D - He said,'I shall go now'.
I - He said that he would go then.
Try these 15:
1. He said, ''I came yesterday.''
2. She said to me, '' I shall punish you now.''
3. They said to me, "You must do it today.''
4. They said,''We shall go tomorrow.''
5. He said to me,'' You shoud read now.''
6. My teacher said to me, '' I went to Agartala yesterday.''
7. He said to me, '' Now you have become a gentleman.''
8. He said to me,'' I came late yesterday.''
9. He said to me,'' I shall come late tomorrow.''
10. They said, ''You can go now.''
11. He said,'' I am playing now.''
H. Miscellaneous
Try these 16:
1. They said,''We shall not go now.''
2. You said,'' I shall not go today.''
3. You said to me,'' Your father is going to office.''
4. He said,'' My father is a doctor.''
5. The teacher said,'' A good man is respected everywhere.''
6. They said to me,''You are a good student.''
7. She said to you, '' I shall not go tomorrow.''
8. Rahim said to Ram, '' You are good bowler.''
9. She said to me, '' I went to Kolkata yesterday.''
10. She said to me, '' The person with red hat is my brother.''
11. She said to me, "My brother is an honest boy."
12. The boy said to her, "You can take it now."
13. Dinesh said to Mira, "You are my sister"
14. Ram said to me, "I shall come now."
15. Sima said to Mira, "I shall not come today".
16. Mira said to Sima," You must come now."
17. They said to me, "We shall be happy here."
18. Sita said, "I am very worried for this"
19. She said to me,"You are an honest man".
20. They said ,"We shall go there now."
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